{"id":59103,"date":"2024-05-04T13:17:05","date_gmt":"2024-05-04T13:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/?page_id=59103"},"modified":"2024-06-28T11:33:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T11:33:59","slug":"glossario","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/portfolio\/glossario\/","title":{"rendered":"\u672f\u8bed\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fws_69d54ae29a17e\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"light\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"true\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer using-image\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop using-image no-cover\"  style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pointer.webp); background-position: left top; background-repeat: repeat; \"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row-bg-overlay row-bg-layer\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0.001) 25%,#ffffff 100%);  opacity: 1; \"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 light left\">\n\t<div style=\"\" class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col bg_img_front bl_br_25px br_br_25px left_padding_desktop_25px left_padding_tablet_0px left_padding_phone_0px right_padding_desktop_25px right_padding_tablet_0px right_padding_phone_0px\" data-using-bg=\"true\" data-overlay-color=\"true\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"true\" data-bg-color=\"#dc1941\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" ><div class=\"column-image-bg-wrap column-bg-layer viewport-desktop\" data-bg-pos=\"center center\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-overlay=\"true\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"column-image-bg\" style=\" background-image: url('https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pointer.webp'); \"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"column-bg-overlay-wrap column-bg-layer\" data-bg-animation=\"none\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\" style=\"opacity: 1; background-color: #dc1941;\"><\/div><div class=\"column-overlay-layer\" style=\"background-color:transparent;  opacity: 0.5; \"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"divider-wrap height_tablet_100px height_phone_80px\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 160px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div><div id=\"fws_69d54ae29d0a7\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row  row_position_absolute bottom_position_desktop_-20px left_position_desktop_0px translate_x_-50pct bottom_position_tablet_-20px bottom_position_phone_-20px\"  style=\"\"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\" ><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" data-scroll-animation=\"true\" data-scroll-animation-movement=\"transform_x\" data-scroll-animation-mobile=\"true\" data-scroll-animation-intensity=\"-2.5\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text font_size_150px font_size_mobile_130px custom_color\" data-style=\"default\" data-s-dir=\"rtl\" data-spacing=\"true\" data-outline-thickness=\"thin\" data-s-speed=\"slower\" data-overflow=\"visible\" ><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner\" data-persist-animation data-nectar-animate-settings=\"{&quot;animations&quot;:{&quot;desktop&quot;:{&quot;translateX&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;25%&quot;},&quot;translateY&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;},&quot;scale&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;opacity&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;rotate&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},&quot;tablet&quot;:{&quot;translateX&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;25%&quot;},&quot;translateY&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;},&quot;scale&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;opacity&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;rotate&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},&quot;phone&quot;:{&quot;translateX&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;25%&quot;},&quot;translateY&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;},&quot;scale&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;opacity&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;1&quot;},&quot;rotate&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}}},&quot;offsets&quot;:{&quot;start&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;end&quot;:&quot;100&quot;},&quot;config&quot;:[]}\" data-advanced-animation=\"true\" style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);\"><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner__text-chunk\">\n<h1>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner__text-chunk\">\n<h1>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner__text-chunk\">\n<h1>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner__text-chunk\">\n<h1>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"nectar-scrolling-text-inner__text-chunk\">\n<h1>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"fws_69d54ae29ee53\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex vc_row-o-content-bottom\"  style=\"\"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\" ><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding column_element_direction_desktop_horizontal column_element_direction_tablet_horizontal column_element_direction_phone_horizontal left_margin_15px left_margin_tablet_0px left_margin_phone_0px inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"nectar_icon_wrap\" data-style=\"default\" data-padding=\"20px\" data-color=\"white\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"nectar_icon\" ><i style=\"font-size: 30px; line-height: 30px; height: 30px; width: 30px;\" class=\"icon-arrows-slim-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/portfolio\/\" target=\"_self\"><div class=\"nectar-split-heading\" data-align=\"default\" data-m-align=\"inherit\" data-text-effect=\"letter-reveal-bottom\" data-animation-type=\"line-reveal-by-space\" data-animation-delay=\"500\" data-animation-offset=\"\" data-m-rm-animation=\"\" data-stagger=\"true\" data-custom-font-size=\"false\" ><h4 style=\" color: #ffffff;\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4><\/div><\/a><div class=\"nectar_icon_wrap\" data-style=\"default\" data-padding=\"20px\" data-color=\"white\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"nectar_icon\" ><i style=\"font-size: 30px; line-height: 30px; height: 30px; width: 30px;\" class=\"icon-arrows-slim-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t<\/div><div class=\"nectar-split-heading\" data-align=\"default\" data-m-align=\"inherit\" data-text-effect=\"letter-reveal-bottom\" data-animation-type=\"line-reveal-by-space\" data-animation-delay=\"500\" data-animation-offset=\"\" data-m-rm-animation=\"\" data-stagger=\"true\" data-custom-font-size=\"false\" ><h4 style=\" color: #ffffff;\">\u672f\u8bed\u8868<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 20px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_69d54ae2a2123\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\" data-top-percent=\"5%\" data-bottom-percent=\"5%\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section\"  style=\"padding-top: calc(100vw * 0.05); padding-bottom: calc(100vw * 0.05); \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_69d54ae2a322d\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"100px\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex vc_row-o-content-top\"  style=\"\"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\" ><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"nectar_icon_wrap\" data-style=\"default\" data-padding=\"20px\" data-color=\"extra-color-1\" style=\"\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"nectar_icon\" ><span class=\"im-icon-wrap\" data-color=\"extra-color-1\" style=\"height: 150px; width: 150px;\"><span><svg role=\"presentation\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\">\n        <path d=\"M29.333 32h-16.871c-2.069 0-5.129-1.691-5.129-5.317v-17.349c0-0.068 0.011-0.135 0.029-0.196-0.021-0.152-0.029-0.308-0.029-0.471 0-2.025 1.571-3.333 4-3.333h13.333c0.367 0 0.667 0.299 0.667 0.667s-0.3 0.667-0.667 0.667h-13.333c-0.803 0-2.667 0.195-2.667 2s1.863 2 2.667 2h18c0.367 0 0.667 0.299 0.667 0.667v20c0 0.367-0.3 0.667-0.667 0.667zM8.667 11.277v15.405c0 2.719 2.265 3.984 3.796 3.984h16.204v-18.667h-17.333c-1.081 0-1.991-0.257-2.667-0.723zM27.333 9.333h-14.667c-0.368 0-0.667-0.299-0.667-0.667s0.299-0.667 0.667-0.667h14.667c0.367 0 0.667 0.299 0.667 0.667s-0.3 0.667-0.667 0.667zM7.791 27.807c-0.057 0-0.116-0.008-0.175-0.024-1.764-0.476-2.949-1.98-2.949-3.741v-17.375c0-2.205 1.795-4 4-4h13.333c0.367 0 0.667 0.299 0.667 0.667s-0.3 0.667-0.667 0.667h-13.333c-1.471 0-2.667 1.195-2.667 2.667v17.375c0 1.151 0.789 2.139 1.965 2.456 0.356 0.096 0.565 0.461 0.471 0.816-0.081 0.297-0.352 0.493-0.645 0.493zM5.387 25.2c-0.041 0-0.084-0.003-0.125-0.012-1.92-0.364-3.26-1.936-3.26-3.813v-17.375c0-2.205 1.795-4 4-4h14.667c0.367 0 0.665 0.299 0.665 0.667s-0.299 0.667-0.667 0.667h-14.667c-1.471 0-2.667 1.195-2.667 2.667v17.376c0 1.229 0.895 2.259 2.177 2.504 0.361 0.069 0.599 0.417 0.529 0.78-0.063 0.32-0.341 0.54-0.653 0.54z\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-10 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"   data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3>04.<\/h3>\n<h2><strong>\u672f\u8bed\u8868<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<p><strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u672f\u8bed\u96c6<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u6811<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>DRLab \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684 \"\u95ee\u9898\u6811 \"\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u56fe\u8868\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u6811\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u8868\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a \"\u95ee\u9898\u5c42\u6b21\"\uff09\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6f84\u6e05\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u9876\u90e8\u663e\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u90e8\u663e\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5468\u671f\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\/\u6216\u5ba1\u67e5\u903b\u8f91\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u8981\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4ea7\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b27\u6d32\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082004 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u63f4\u52a9\u5408\u4f5c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u6458\u81ea\u6b27\u76df\u7f51\u7ad9 https:\/\/europa.eu\/capacity4dev\/dear-programme\/documents\/europeaid-project-cycle-management-guidelines<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7cae\u98df\u53ca\u519c\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u65e0\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6811\u3002\u53d6\u81ea http:\/\/www.fao.org\/capacity-development\/resources\/practical-tools\/capacity-assessment\/problem-tree-tool\/en\/\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u7f72\uff08USAID\uff09\uff082012 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6280\u672f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7b2c 2 \u53f7\uff0c1.0 \u7248\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>S.W.O.T. \u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>S.W.O.T.\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u52a3\u52bf\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5176\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210 SWOT \u5206\u6790\u9700\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u7ed8\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6216\u963b\u788d\u76ee\u6807\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5ba1\u67e5\u6218\u7565\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b27\u6d32\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082004 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u63f4\u52a9\u5408\u4f5c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u6458\u81ea\u6b27\u76df\u7f51\u7ad9 https:\/\/europa.eu\/capacity4dev\/dear-programme\/documents\/europeaid-project-cycle-management-guidelines<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2012).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>SWOT Analysis (n.d.).DIY \u53d1\u5c55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u4f60\uff1a\u89e6\u53d1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u300b\u3002\u53d6\u81ea https:\/\/diytoolkit.org\/tools\/swot-analysis-2\/<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u540e\u53f0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u540e\u53f0\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#frontstage\">\u524d\u53f0<\/a><\/strong>\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u652f\u6301\u6d41\u7a0b\u5219\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<br \/>\n<\/strong>Bitner, M. J., Ostrom, A. L., &amp; Morgan, F. N. (2008).\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u672f\u3002\u00a0<em>\u52a0\u5dde\u7ba1\u7406\u5ba1\u67e5<\/em>, 50(3), 66-94.<\/p>\n<p>Katzan Jr, H. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cbe\u8981\u300b\u3002\u00a0<em>\u670d\u52a1\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\uff08JSS\uff09<\/em>, 4(2), 43-60.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd......\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \"\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55...... \"\u7684\u6784\u601d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u5934\u8111\u98ce\u66b4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6fc0\u53d1\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6784\u601d\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u63a8\u6572\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8003\u8651\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nIDEO (2015)\u3002\u4eba\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u5730\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002IDEO.org.<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\"\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66 \"\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u63a5\u8fd1\u4f20\u7edf\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u7684\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u60ef\u5e38\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#intuizione\">\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nHanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Salvador, T., Bell, G., &amp; Anderson, K. (1999).Design ethnography.\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ba1\u7406\u671f\u520a\u300b\uff08\u524d\u8eab\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\uff0c10(4), 35-41.<\/p>\n<p>Segelstr\u00f6m, F., &amp; Holmlid, S. (2015).Ethnography by design: On goals and mediating artefacts.Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14(2), 134-149.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u524d\u53f0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u524d\u53f0 \"\u6216 \"\u53f0\u4e0a \"\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ebf\uff08\u89c1 \"\u670d\u52a1 \"\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#backstage\">\u540e\u53f0<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBitner, M. J., Ostrom, A. L., &amp; Morgan, F. N. (2008).\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u672f\u300b\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff0c50\uff083\uff09\uff0c66-94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Katzan Jr, H. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u70b9\u300b\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08JSS\uff09\uff0c4\uff082\uff09\uff0c43-60 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8bbf\u8c08<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbf\u8c08\u6309\u7167\u4e8b\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u5faa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ed9\u8bbf\u8c08\u8005\u548c\u88ab \u8bbf\u8005\u90fd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8bbf\u8c08\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bbf\u8c08\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5728\u4fc3\u6210\u8c08\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5145\u5f53\u503e\u542c\u8005\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5 \u6f84\u6e05\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBrinkmann, S. (2018).\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002In N. K. Denzin &amp; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research.\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\uff0c\uff08\u7b2c 997-1038 \u9875\uff09\u3002Sage Publications.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u8bbf\u8c08<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbf\u8c08\u91c7\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7075\u6d3b\/\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBrinkmann, S. (2018).\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002In N. K. Denzin &amp; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research.\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\uff0c\uff08\u7b2c 997-1038 \u9875\uff09\u3002Sage Publications.<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u76f4\u89c9 \"\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a \"\u76f4\u89c9\"\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nGarber, J. (2014).\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kolko, J. (2010).\u5f52\u7eb3\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u611f\u6027\u521b\u9020\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u6210\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c26\uff081\uff09\uff0c15-28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5730\u56fe<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5730\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ece\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5730\u56fe\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u8c01\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u679c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u4eba\u5458\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u3001\u638c\u6743\u8005\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u6df1\u5316\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u7ed8\u5236\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u5730\u56fe\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u540e\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u8003\u8651\u6240\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nClarkson, P.J., Coleman, R., Hosking, I., &amp; Waller, S.D. (2011).\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u3002\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u53d6\u81ea www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B.; Martin, B. (Eds.) (2012).\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Morelli, N., &amp; Tollestrup, C. (2007).\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b0\u8868\u5f81\u6280\u672f\u3002In Design Inquiries, Nordes 07 Conference<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u7528\u6237\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u5bf9\u67d0\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u6240\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \"\u5ba2\u6237\u65c5\u7a0b\u56fe\"\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65c5\u7a0b\u5236\u56fe\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u65c5\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff082016 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u53d6\u81ea https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/open-policy-making-toolkit<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Meroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, D. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Richardson, A. (2010).\u4f7f\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u65c5\u7a0b\u56fe\u6539\u5584\u5ba2\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u4e1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff0c15\uff081\uff09\uff0c2-5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M. and Schneider, J. (2011)\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u7ef4\uff1a\u57fa\u7840-\u5de5\u5177-\u6848\u4f8b\u300b\u3002\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\uff1aBIS \u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u56fe<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4e00\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u4ea7\u54c1\u6240\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6216\u7269\u7406\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u56fe \"\u4e00\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u548c\/\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u601d\u7ef4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u548c\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nMeroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, D. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Segelstr\u00f6m, F., &amp; Holmlid, S. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u52a3\u52bf\u4e0e\u524d\u666f\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u5723\u4f55\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u6d1e\u5bdf\u77e9\u9635<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5934\u8111\u98ce\u66b4\u9636\u6bb5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6d41\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216 \u591a\u4e2a\u5f15\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#intuizione\">\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nGarber, J. (2014).\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kolko, J. (2010).\u5f52\u7eb3\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u611f\u6027\u521b\u9020\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u6210\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c26\uff081\uff09\uff0c15-28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\"\u89d2\u8272 \"\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6f5c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a \"\u89d2\u8272 \"\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u683c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u5206\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u5b50\u96c6\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5148\u524d\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6216\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u501f\u9274\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u5408\u5230\u89d2\u8272\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u91cd\u70b9\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \"\u89d2\u8272\"\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\"\u89d2\u8272 \"\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u6784\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff082016 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u53d6\u81ea https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/open-policy-making-toolkit<\/p>\n<p>Clarkson, P.J., Coleman, R., Hosking, I., &amp; Waller, S.D. (2011).\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u3002\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u53d6\u81ea www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u591a\u8bd5\u70b9\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5404\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e14\u6539\u53d8\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6307\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u578b\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u5fe0\u5b9e\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u578b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u5ea6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u4f4e\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u539f\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u6784\u601d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u8349\u56fe\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u677f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u5904\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u540c\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u7269\u7406\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u9700\u8981\u539f\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9886\u57df\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u00a0<em>\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u578b<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u578b<\/em>,\u00a0<em>FASPE\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u670d\u52a1\u539f\u578b\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u8bc4\u4f30\uff09<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/em>\u00a0<em>\u73b0\u573a\u539f\u578b\u5236\u4f5c\u3001<\/em>\u00a0<em>\u5fae\u89c2\u5168\u666f<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u578b<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u670d\u52a1\u539f\u578b<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/em>\u00a0- \u4ec5\u4e3e\u51e0\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBotsch, M. (2008).\u539f\u578b\u3002In M. Erlhoff &amp; T. Marshall (Eds.), Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology (pp. 317).Basel: Birkh\u00e4user.<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff082016 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u53d6\u81ea https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/open-policy-making-toolkit<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082013 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u533a\u57df\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u7b56\u603b\u53f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u603b\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>IDEO (2015)\u3002\u4eba\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u5730\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002IDEO.org.<\/p>\n<p>Kimbell, L. (2015).\u5c06\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u300b\u3002\u5e03\u83b1\u987f\uff1a\u5e03\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kimbell, L., &amp; Bailey, J. (2017).\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u534f\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c13\uff083\uff09\uff0c214-226 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Maguire, M. (2001).\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002International journal of human-computer studies, 55(4), 587-634.<\/p>\n<p>Meroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, D. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J., &amp; Mulgan, G. (2010)\u3002The open book of social innovation.\u4f26\u6566\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u827a\u672f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u60c5\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u679c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u9879\u76ee\u6784\u601d\u6e05\u6670\u5316\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e \"\u60c5\u666f \"\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 \"\u60c5\u666f \"\u4e00\u8bcd\u548c \"\u8bbe\u8ba1 \"\u4e00\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u542b\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bbe\u60f3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u884d\u751f\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5168\u666f\u3002\u00a0<em>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bfc\u5411\u65b9\u6848\uff08DOS\uff09<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u60c5\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u60c5\u666f<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u60c5\u666f\u89c4\u5212<\/em>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u6709\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u51fa\u5728\u5148\u524d\u9879\u76ee\u9636\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u666f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nCarroll, J. M. (2000).Making use: scenario-based design of human-computer interactions.\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Goodwin, K. (2011).\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2012).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Manzini, E. (2003).\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u798f\u7949\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c1\uff081\uff09\uff0c5-21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Manzini, E., J\u00e9gou, F., Meroni, A., (2006) Design oriented scenarios: Generating new shared visions of sustainable product service systems.\u89c1\u300a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1--\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u89c4\u5212\u7f72\u3001\u8377\u5170\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rabin M.D.\uff082008 \u5e74\uff09\u3002Scenario Planning.In M. Erlhoff &amp; T. Marshall (Eds.), Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology (pp. 348-349).Basel: Birkh\u00e4user.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u9879\u76ee\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\u8868<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u7531 DRLab \u56e2\u961f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u9879\u76ee\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5212 (<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#design-ethnography\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nHanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Salvador, T., Bell, G., &amp; Anderson, K. (1999).Design ethnography.\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ba1\u7406\u671f\u520a\u300b\uff08\u524d\u8eab\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\uff0c10(4), 35-41.<\/p>\n<p>Segelstr\u00f6m, F., &amp; Holmlid, S. (2015).Ethnography by design: On goals and mediating artefacts.Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 14(2), 134-149.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u539f\u578b\u677f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u539f\u578b\u677f \"\u662f DRLab \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#prototipazione\">\u539f\u578b<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u5fc5\u8981\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u4f7f \u7528\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u5f00\u53d1\u539f\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBotsch, M. (2008).\u539f\u578b\u3002In M. Erlhoff &amp; T. Marshall (Eds.), Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology (pp. 317).Basel: Birkh\u00e4user.<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff082016 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u53d6\u81ea https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/open-policy-making-toolkit<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082013 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u533a\u57df\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u653f\u7b56\u603b\u53f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u603b\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Hanington, B., &amp; Martin, B. (2012)\u3002\u901a\u7528\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684 100 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>IDEO (2015)\u3002\u4eba\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u5730\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002IDEO.org.<\/p>\n<p>Kimbell, L. (2015).\u5c06\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u300b\u3002\u5e03\u83b1\u987f\uff1a\u5e03\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kimbell, L., &amp; Bailey, J. (2017).\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65b0\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u534f\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c13\uff083\uff09\uff0c214-226 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kumar, V. (2013).101 \u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u63a8\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u3002John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p>Maguire, M. (2001).\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002International journal of human-computer studies, 55(4), 587-634.<\/p>\n<p>Meroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, D. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J., &amp; Mulgan, G. (2010)\u3002The open book of social innovation.\u4f26\u6566\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u827a\u672f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u6982\u8981<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u670d\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u786e\u5b9a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u9a8c\u56fe\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5373\uff0c\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u524d\u53f0\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u533a\u57df\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u540e\u53f0\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u53c8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u89c1\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u00a0<strong><a class=\"__mPS2id _mPS2id-h\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it-old\/glossario\/?preview_id=33588&amp;preview_nonce=3ee61988c1&amp;_thumbnail_id=-1&amp;preview=true#mappa-percorso-utente\">\u7528\u6237\u7ebf\u8def\u56fe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nBitner, M. J., Ostrom, A. L., &amp; Morgan, F. N. (2008).\u670d\u52a1\u84dd\u56fe\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u672f\u300b\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff0c50\uff083\uff09\uff0c66-94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Meroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, D. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Katzan Jr, H. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u70b9\u300b\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08JSS\uff09\uff0c4\uff082\uff09\uff0c43-60 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Polaine, A., L\u00f8vlie, L., &amp; Reason, B. (2013)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u4ece\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5230\u7075\u611f\u300b\u3002\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4f20\u5a92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Shostack, G. L. (1982).How to design a service.European journal of Marketing, 16(1), 49-63.<\/p>\n<p>Stickdorn, M., Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., &amp; Schneider, J. (2018)\u3002This is service design doing: Applying service design thinking in the real world.O'Reilly Media, Inc.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u5229\u76ca\u6538\u5173\u65b9<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\"portatore di interesse \"\u662f\u6307\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6b27\u6d32\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082004 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u63f4\u52a9\u5408\u4f5c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u6458\u81ea\u6b27\u76df\u7f51\u7ad9 https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/europeaid\/sites\/devco\/files\/methodology-aiddelivery-methods-project-cycle-management-200403_en_2.pdf<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\"\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9 \"\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u63a5\u89e6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u6216\u4eba\u4e0e\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e92\u52a8\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/strong><br \/>\nKatzan Jr, H. (2011)\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u70b9\u300b\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08JSS\uff09\uff0c4\uff082\uff09\uff0c43-60 \u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"margin-top: 5vh; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 5vh;\" data-width=\"100%\" data-animate=\"\" data-animation-delay=\"\" data-color=\"default\" class=\"divider-border\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_69d54ae2b4e8a\"  data-br=\"custom\" data-br-applies=\"bg\" data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row  tl_br_25px tr_br_25px top_margin_5pct bottom_margin_0px\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div style=\"\" class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col centered-text padding-10-percent column_element_direction_desktop_horizontal force-desktop-text-align-center column_element_direction_tablet_horizontal force-tablet-text-align-center column_element_direction_phone_horizontal force-phone-text-align-center inherit_tablet inherit_phone bg_img_front tl_br_25px tr_br_25px\" data-using-bg=\"true\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"true\" data-bg-color=\"#ededed\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" ><div class=\"column-image-bg-wrap column-bg-layer viewport-desktop\" data-bg-pos=\"center center\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"column-image-bg\" style=\" background-image: url('https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/pointer.webp'); \"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"column-bg-overlay-wrap column-bg-layer\" data-bg-animation=\"none\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\" style=\"opacity: 1; background-color: #ededed;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<p><strong>\u8fd4\u56de\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"nectar-cta  hover_color_333333 text_hover_color_e0e0e0 alignment_tablet_default alignment_phone_default display_tablet_inherit display_phone_inherit\" data-color=\"black\" data-using-bg=\"true\" data-style=\"see-through\" data-display=\"block\" data-alignment=\"left\" data-text-color=\"custom\" style=\"margin-left: 10px;\"><p style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> <span class=\"text\"> <\/span><span class=\"link_wrap\" style=\"padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 20px;\"><a  class=\"link_text\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/portfolio\/\">\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408<span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Glossario Glossario Glossario Glossario Glossario PORTFOLIO Glossario 04. GLOSSARIO Raccolta di termini essenziali per la comprensione di alcuni dei contenuti relativi il service design e la progettazione in genere Albero...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":337,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-59103","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59103"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60515,"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59103\/revisions\/60515"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drlab.unitn.it\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}